Engineering is the discipline, art and profession of acquiring and applying technical, scientific, and mathematical knowledge to design and implement materials, structures, machines, devices, systems, and processes that safely realize a desired objective or invention.
One who practices engineering is called an Engineer. Engineers work to develop economical and safe solutions to practical problems, by applying mathematics, scientific knowledge and ingenuity while considering technical constraints. The term is derived from the Latin root "ingenium," meaning "cleverness". The industrial revolution and continuing technological developments of the last few centuries have changed the connotation of the term slightly, resulting in the perception of engineers as applied scientists.
The work of engineers is the link between perceived needs of society and commercial applications. And those licensed to do so may have more formal designations such as Professional Engineer, Chartered Engineer, and Incorporated Engineer. The broad discipline of engineering encompasses a range of more specialized sub disciplines, each with a more specific emphasis on certain fields of application and particular areas of technology.
From the conventional three streams- Civil, Electrical and Mechanical engineering, many more new avenues have opened up and students have now multiple options of course to pursue. Each stream has its specific importance, and the career prospect in any of the courses is equally bright.
Let us see the different streams of engineering:
- Aeronautical Engineering
- Agricultural Engineering
- Automobile Engineering
- Computer Science Engineerin
- Electrical Engineering
- Electronics and Communication Engineering
- Mechanical Engineering
Aeronautical Engineering:
Basically Aeronautical Engineering deals with designing, construction and maintenance of both commercial and military aircrafts.
To be an aeronautical engineer one should have a graduate degree (B.E/B.Tech) or at least a diploma in Aeronautics. The degree and postgraduate degree courses are offered by the engineering colleges And Institutes of Technology (IITs) and the diploma courses are available at polytechnics.
Let us see the Eligibility to do Aeronautical Engineering, Duration of study, Personal Skills, Job opportunities and Remuneration details.
Eligibility:
The basic eligibility criteria for a BE/B.Tech is 10+2 or equivalent examination, with Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics and must have a fairly high percentage of marks in the aggregate. One must also pass the qualifying exam JEE (Joint Entrance Exam) conducted by the IITs.
Selection: Selection to the graduate courses (BE/B.Tech) is based on merit i.e. the marks secured in the final exams of 10+2 and through entrance exams. Entrances to the IITs is through JEE (Joint Entrance Exam) and for other institutions through their own separate entrance exams and other state level and national level exams. Most of the institutes conducting engineering courses in Aeronautics consider JEE score as the qualifying grade.
There is also the Associate Membership Examination of the Institute of Engineers (AMIE), which enables working people in the private and public sector, or diploma holders to acquire a Bachelors engineering degree through distance education by studying the syllabus and appearing for the Associate membership examination of the Institute of Engineers (AMIE) conducted by ASI (The Aeronautical Society of India). This degree is equivalent to aeronautical engineering degree. Those with a degree in electronics, mathematics or physics can also find opportunities in this area.
Some Institutes offer postgraduate (M.Tech) and Doctoral (Ph.D) programmes in Aeronautics. The Madras Institute of Technology offers a three year Graduate Programme in Aeronautical Engineering for B Sc students, subject to their having passed Maths and Physics at the graduation stage. The Indian Institute of Science (IIS), Bangalore has M.Tech and Ph.D programmes in aeronautics.
Duration:
The duration is four years, ending with a degree recognized by the ministry of education, government of India. The diploma courses are of 2-3 years duration.
Personal Skills:
Aeronautical engineers should have an eye for detail and be good at problem-solving. They need mathematical precision and design skills, computer skills, and the ability to communicate well. They also need good planning ability and a knack for working under pressure. An aeronautical engineer needs to be physically fit and may need to often work at great speed especially in checking and maintenance of aircrafts during turnarounds. They must have a normal colour vision.
Job Opportunities:
Aeronautical Engineers work with one of the most technologically advanced branches of engineering. The main thrust in this area is on design and development of aircrafts to space and satellite research. Jobs are available with the national, international, public and private Airline Services as well as aircraft-manufacturing units.
Job opportunities for an Aeronautical Engineer in India, lies with various airlines like Air India, Indian Airlines, Helicopter Corporation of India and flying clubs, private airlines and government owned air service and aircraft manufacturers like the Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd. (HAL) with its factories at Bangalore, Nashik, Koraput, Kanpur Etc. Defense Research and Development Laboratories, National Aeronautical Lab (NAL), Aeronautical Development Establishment, Civil Aviation Department etc. The Defence services and Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) also happen to be two major employers.
Initially, candidates begin work as graduate engineer trainees or junior Engineers. Keeping in view their performance, academic background and aptitude, they are placed for training in the aircraft maintenance/overhaul or support section. On completion of training they are placed as assistant aircraft engineers or assistant technical officers. They have to clear departmental examinations for further promotions. They may advance to administrative or executive positions or become consultants. Aeronautical engineers are assisted by aircraft mechanics in maintenance of aircraft frame, engine, electrical system and other ancillary fittings.
Remuneration:
Engineers in government organizations are paid official scales while those in the private sector are paid according to the scales decided by the management of the company.
The approximate starting salaries in the government /public sectors such as HAL, NAL are Rs. 8,000 to Rs.10,000 (excluding other allowances). In the private sector, the scales are decided by the management of the company and are approximately Rs.8,000 to Rs.15,000 per month plus perks. Engineering graduates with management degrees get a starting salary of Rs.10,000 to Rs.40,000 per month plus perks. Entrepreneurs can earn above Rs.20,000/- per month. Airline professionals get fringe benefits of free travel for self and family also, apart from numerous other perks.
Agricultural Engineering:
Agricultural Engineers apply engineering principles to all activities related to agriculture and horticulture. Improvement in agricultural farm machinery, farm structures, rural electrification, bio-gas, new technologies in the design and manufacture of agricultural products and also conservation of soil and water are some of the jobs handled by an agricultural engineer. This basically implies looking after the mechanization of agricultural activities for the smooth functioning and efficient increase in food productivity.
Let us see the Eligibility to do Agricultural Engineering, Duration of study, Personal Skills, Job opportunities and Remuneration details.
Eligibility:
The basic eligibility criteria for a candidate aspiring to do a BE in Agricultural Engineering is 10+2, with Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics and preferably Biology.
Duration:
BE/B.Tech courses are of 4 years duration, and the diploma courses are of 2-3 years duration.
Personal Skills:
Organizing ability, practicality, ability to get on well with people of all types- at all levels in the hierarchy,-from operatives to heads of research and managing director, ability to keep calm under pressure and in inevitable crises, and a liking for being at the centre of action. It is also necessary to like working with tools, drawing sketches of complex things and operations, and conceptualizing forms and structures. While a high level of practicality, skill, accuracy, understanding power, capacity to toil, and perseverance are needed in ample quality, one must also have a knack for numbers and the ability to express ones ideas precisely to others.
Job Opportunities:
Employment Opportunities Agriculture Engineering Excellent career opportunities exist in product engineering, equipment research and design, facilities design, environmental consulting, and engineering management.
To be specific Central and state Government of agriculture and agriculture engineering, agro industry, minor irrigation corporation, Food corporation of India, National Seed Corporation of India, National Diary Development Board, Agriculture Research Organization, Agriculture university, Diary and food industries, Nationalized Bank, Agriculture machinery manufacturing organization, tea gardens etc.
Remuneration:
The average starting salary of agricultural graduates is between Rs 20,000 to Rs 25,000/- pm in Govt. institutions. MNCs involved in genetic engineering of food grains and irrigation construction offer considerably more remuneration depending on the merit of the aspirant.
Automobile Engineering:
Automobile Engineering Course caters to train the students to design, develop, manufacture, and repair of automobiles. The demand for automobile engineering is growing with the expansion of automobile industries and increasing demand for vehicle. With increasing concern for pollution and fuel efficiency, these engineers also set standard of qualities, for example making the vehicle Euro efficient. Branch of engineering that deals with design, development, manufacture and repair of automobiles is called Automobile Engineering.
The engineers of automobile engineering have to develop car bodies and buildups with aggregates like engines, clutches, gears and steerings. They have to design according the postulations of aerodynamics and stylistics, they have to construct and calculate according the postulations of functionality, safety, the decreasing of resources and the economy.
Let us see the Eligibility to do Automobile Engineering, Duration of study, Job opportunities and Remuneration details.
Eligibility:
This field deals with design, development and maintenance of automobile and its spare parts. For getting admissions in Automobile Engineering in India, your criteria’s are:
10 + 2 Science with Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics. To become an automobile engineer, one must have a BE or a B. Tech degree. Even a degree holder in Electrical or mechanical can go for specialization in automobile engineering in postgraduate level. Diploma holders can take AMIE examination to be at par with the degree holder.
Duration:
Usually its a 4 years degree and is awarded as Bachelor of Engineering or Bachelor of Technology according to the university.
Personal Skills:
Aeronautical engineers should have an eye for detail and be good at problem-solving. They need mathematical precision and design skills, computer skills, and the ability to communicate well. They also need good planning ability and a knack for working under pressure. An aeronautical engineer needs to be physically fit and may need to often work at great speed especially in checking and maintenance of aircrafts during turnarounds. They must have a normal colour vision.
Job Opportunities:
Aeronautical Engineers work with one of the most technologically advanced branches of engineering. The main thrust in this area is on design and development of aircrafts to space and satellite research. Jobs are available with the national, international, public and private Airline Services as well as aircraft-manufacturing units.
Job opportunities for an Aeronautical Engineer in India, lies with various airlines like Air India, Indian Airlines, Helicopter Corporation of India and flying clubs, private airlines and government owned air service and aircraft manufacturers like the Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd. (HAL) with its factories at Bangalore, Nashik, Koraput, Kanpur Etc. Defense Research and Development Laboratories, National Aeronautical Lab (NAL), Aeronautical Development Establishment, Civil Aviation Department etc. The Defence services and Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) also happen to be two major employers.
Initially, candidates begin work as graduate engineer trainees or junior Engineers. Keeping in view their performance, academic background and aptitude, they are placed for training in the aircraft maintenance/overhaul or support section. On completion of training they are placed as assistant aircraft engineers or assistant technical officers. They have to clear departmental examinations for further promotions. They may advance to administrative or executive positions or become consultants. Aeronautical engineers are assisted by aircraft mechanics in maintenance of aircraft frame, engine, electrical system and other ancillary fittings.
Remuneration:
Engineers in government organizations are paid official scales while those in the private sector are paid according to the scales decided by the management of the company.
The approximate starting salaries in the government or public sectors such as HAL, NAL are Rs. 8,000 to Rs.10,000 (excluding other allowances). In the private sector, the scales are decided by the management of the company and are approximately Rs.8,000 to Rs.15,000 per month plus perks. Engineering graduates with management degrees get a starting salary of Rs.10,000 to Rs.40,000 per month plus perks. Entrepreneurs can earn above Rs.20,000- per month. Airline professionals get fringe benefits of free travel for self and family also, apart from numerous other perks.
Agricultural Engineering:
Agricultural Engineers apply engineering principles to all activities related to agriculture and horticulture. Improvement in agricultural farm machinery, farm structures, rural electrification, bio-gas, new technologies in the design and manufacture of agricultural products and also conservation of soil and water are some of the jobs handled by an agricultural engineer. This basically implies looking after the mechanization of agricultural activities for the smooth functioning and efficient increase in food productivity.
Let us see the Eligibility to do Agricultural Engineering, Duration of study, Personal Skills, Job opportunities and Remuneration details.
Eligibility:
The basic eligibility criteria for a candidate aspiring to do a BE in Agricultural Engineering is 10+2, with Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics and preferably Biology.
Duration:
BE/B.Tech courses are of 4 years duration, and the diploma courses are of 2-3 years duration.
Personal Skills:
Organizing ability, practicality, ability to get on well with people of all types- at all levels in the hierarchy,-from operatives to heads of research and managing director, ability to keep calm under pressure and in inevitable crises, and a liking for being at the centre of action. It is also necessary to like working with tools, drawing sketches of complex things and operations, and conceptualizing forms and structures. While a high level of practicality, skill, accuracy, understanding power, capacity to toil, and perseverance are needed in ample quality, one must also have a knack for numbers and the ability to express ones ideas precisely to others.
Job Opportunities:
Employment Opportunities Agriculture Engineering Excellent career opportunities exist in product engineering, equipment research and design, facilities design, environmental consulting, and engineering management.
To be specific Central and state Government of agriculture and agriculture engineering, agro industry, minor irrigation corporation, Food corporation of India, National Seed Corporation of India, National Diary Development Board, Agriculture Research Organization, Agriculture university, Diary and food industries, Nationalized Bank, Agriculture machinery manufacturing organization, tea gardens etc.
Remuneration:
The average starting salary of agricultural graduates is between Rs 20,000 to Rs 25,000/- pm in Govt. institutions. MNCs involved in genetic engineering of food grains and irrigation construction offer considerably more remuneration depending on the merit of the aspirant.
Automobile Engineering:
Automobile Engineering Course caters to train the students to design, develop, manufacture, and repair of automobiles. The demand for automobile engineering is growing with the expansion of automobile industries and increasing demand for vehicle. With increasing concern for pollution and fuel efficiency, these engineers also set standard of qualities, for example making the vehicle Euro efficient. Branch of engineering that deals with design, development, manufacture and repair of automobiles is called Automobile Engineering.
The engineers of automobile engineering have to develop car bodies and buildups with aggregates like engines, clutches, gears and steerings. They have to design according the postulations of aerodynamics and stylistics, they have to construct and calculate according the postulations of functionality, safety, the decreasing of resources and the economy.
Let us see the Eligibility to do Automobile Engineering, Duration of study, Job opportunities and Remuneration details.
Eligibility:
This field deals with design, development and maintenance of automobile and its spare parts. For getting admissions in Automobile Engineering in India, your criterias are:
10 + 2 Science with Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics. To become an automobile engineer, one must have a BE or a B. Tech degree. Even a degree holder in Electrical or mechanical can go for specialization in automobile engineering in postgraduate level. Diploma holders can take AMIE examination to be at par with the degree holder.
Duration:
Usually its a 4 years degree and is awarded as Bachelor of Engineering or Bachelor of Technology according to the university
Job Opportunities:
Many job opportunities are available for the candidates with diploma courses and ITI courses. Some of the automobile companies require IT specializations. The technical education is offered by plenty of engineering and polytechnic colleges in India. The eligible candidates are selected by the companies and then trained properly. Considering the wide scope of Automobile sector, it is not surprising that more and more candidates are dreaming to develop a career in Automobile Industry. Now, with so many foreign automobile companies like Volkswagen, Audi, Renault etc targeting India as a base for manufacturing cars, the scope for a career in Automobile Industry is rising rapidly.
Some of the popular car-producing companies that offer jobs in the automobile industry are- Suzuki, Toyota, Tata, Fiat, Honda, Mahindra & Mahindra, Ford, Hyundai and Skoda. Manufacturing of two-wheelers is dominated by the companies TVS, Bajaj Auto, LML, Kinetic, Yamaha and Hero Honda. The tractors are manufactured by the popular companies like Farm track, Escorts, L&T, Mahindra & Mahindra, Ford, John-Deere, New Holland and ITL-Renault.
Remuneration:
The average starting monthly salary of a fresh graduate of automobile engineering ranges between Rs. 10,000 – Rs. 15,000. The trend will increase with increase in experience and skills. Fresher’s from elite technological institutions including IITs, NITs, and BITS are offered very high pay package owing to their academic excellence and skills. After having three or four years of industrial experience, one can a expect salary up to Rs 40,000 per month. There is no limitation for the right candidates to progress in this field.
Computer Science Engineering:
Computer science is the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and of practical techniques for their application in computer systems. The growth in power and performance of computer hardware has made possible and feasible more complex and capable software. Future applications are likely to include sophisticated voice and handwriting recognition processes. Electronic engineers and computer engineers may work together to design and manufacture electronic equipment which requires both hardware and software design. Computer Engineering will draw an increasing number of students who have an interest in the design of computer hardware and software. The Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates that by the year 2005, computer engineering will become the second largest engineering field.
Let us see the Eligibility to do Computer Science Engineering, Duration of study, Job opportunities and Remuneration details.
Eligibility:
This field deals with computer hardware and software. Manufacture and research, development of new design, technical improvements, alterations etc. 10 + 2 with high percentage of marks in Science and Mathematics subjects.
Duration:
Usually its a 4 years degree and is awarded as Bachelor of Engineering or Bachelor of Technology according to the university
Job Opportunities:
The scope of the job is directly related to the growth and development of computer industry. They can get employment in computer fields and also work as maintenance consultants. Now a days computer science engineers have lot of opportunities in I.T industry.
Remuneration:
The average salary for fresh Computer Science engineers from good institutes is about Rs. 4.5 Lakhs - Rs. 6 Lakhs per annum. Candidates typically start as trainees or development engineers and then move to be design engineer, senior design engineer etc..
Electrical Engineering:
Electrical engineering, often referred to as the electrical and electronic engineering (EEE), is a field of engineering that generally deals with the study and application of electricity, electronics and electromagnetism. It is a very broad area that encompasses the design and study of various electrical & electronic systems, such as electrical circuits, generators, motors, transformers, magnetic devices & materials, other electromagnetic/electromechanical devices, electronic devices, electronic circuits, electronic materials, optical fibers, optoelectronic devices, computer systems, radio, television, telephony, telecommunications, wireless, microwave systems, mobile telephony, radar, data communication, computer networking, nanotechnology, photonics, MEMs, etc. More than a quarter of all engineers concentrate in electrical engineering. The demand for electrical engineers is expected to remain high due to projected growth in the aerospace, telecommunications and microelectronics industries.
Let us see the Eligibility to do Electrical Engineering, Duration of study, Job opportunities and Remuneration details.
Eligibility:
10 + 2 with high percentage of marks in Science and Mathematics subjects.
Duration:
The length of study for such a degree is usually four years and the completed degree may be designated as a Bachelor of Engineering, Bachelor of Science, Bachelor of Technology or Bachelor of Applied Science depending upon the university.
Job Opportunities:
The scope of the job is directly related to the growth and development of hardware industry. They can get employment in VLSI, Telecommunications, and Microelectronics fields.
Remuneration:
The average salary for fresh Electrical engineers from good institutes is about Rs. 5 Lakhs - Rs. 8 Lakhs per annum. Candidates typically start as trainees engineers and then move to be design engineer, senior design engineer etc..
Electronics and Communication Engineering:
This field deals with Digital Design, Communication Theory and Systems, Network Analysis, Basic Electronic Devices, Electronic Circuits, Satellite Engineering etc..
In the field of electronic engineering, engineers design and test circuits that use the electromagnetic properties of electrical components such as resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes and transistors to achieve a particular functionality. The tuner circuit, which allows the user of a radio to filter out all but a single station, is just one example of such a circuit.
In designing an integrated circuit, electronics engineers first construct circuit schematics that specify the electrical components and describe the interconnections between them. When completed, VLSI engineers convert the schematics into actual layouts, which map the layers of various conductor and semiconductor materials needed to construct the circuit. The conversion from schematics to layouts can be done by software (see electronic design automation) but very often requires human fine-tuning to decrease space and power consumption. Once the layout is complete, it can be sent to a fabrication plant for manufacturing.
Integrated circuits and other electrical components can then be assembled on printed circuit boards to form more complicated circuits. Today, printed circuit boards are found in most electronic devices including televisions, computers and audio players.
Communications:
Analog communication systems: amplitude and angle modulation and demodulation systems, spectral analysis of these operations, super heterodyne noise conditions.
Digital communication systems: pulse code modulation (PCM), [[Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM), Delta modulation (DM), digital modulation schemes-amplitude, phase and frequency shift keying schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK), matched filter receivers, bandwidth consideration and probability of error calculations for these schemes, GSM, TDMA
Eligibility:
10 + 2 with high percentage of marks in Science and Mathematics subjects.
Duration:
The length of study for such a degree is usually four years and the completed degree may be designated as a Bachelor of Engineering, Bachelor of Science, Bachelor of Technology or Bachelor of Applied Science depending upon the university.
Job Opportunities:
The scope of the job is directly related to the growth and development of hardware industry. They can get employment in VLSI, Telecommunications, Embedded Systems, and Microelectronics fields.
Remuneration:
The average salary for fresh Electronics and Communication Engineers from good institutes is about Rs. 6 Lakhs - Rs. 8 Lakhs per annum. Candidates typically start as trainees engineers and then move to be design engineer, senior design engineer etc..
Mechanical Engineering:
Mechanical Engineers are concerned with all types of machinery, and all aspects of their mechanism and functioning. The design, development, construction, production, installation and operation of all mechanical systems in industries, including power plants, transport equipment, air-conditioning, boilers, refrigerators and internal combustion. The mechanical engineer is also responsible for maintenance and repair. Care has to be taken that the plant gives maximum output and the machine is properly maintained.
Eligibility:
10 + 2 with high percentage of marks in Science and Mathematics subjects.
Duration:
The length of study for such a degree is usually four years and the completed degree may be designated as a Bachelor of Engineering, Bachelor of Science, Bachelor of Technology or Bachelor of Applied Science depending upon the university.
Job Opportunities:
Modern analysis and design process in mechanical engineering are aided by various computational tools like finite element analysis (FEA) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD), computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM). In system design and controls, a mechanical engineer may apply CAD/CAM systems to feed "instructions" to computer numerically controlled (CNC) machines such as robots, milling machines and lathes. In this way the engineer could automate the manufacturing process without the need for intermediate drawings. A mechanical engineer working in thermo-fluid might design a heat sink, an air conditioning system, or an internal combustion engine. Other processes might focus on the fluid itself, such as a fan to cool an electrical system a turbine to power a submarine, or a spray gun to apply chemical coatings.
Remuneration:
Engineers working in private sector are paid fairly well. Most fresh engineering graduates start out at a salary of around Rs. 15,000-20,000 per month. However it depends upon the institute the engineer has graduate form.
Note: Some of the courses may have entrance examinations, for information about entrance examinations and information about colleges Please logon to http://www.brightscholaredu.com
